Gravestone of Quash Williams

Wanted
Reward
Dead or Alive

Study Guide for Robert Hayden's Poem
Runagate Runagate
by Brenda Holmes and Midge Frazel
ECOMP 5004, Fall 2005
(click on gravestone for a larger view)


Focus Questions
...based on the poem Runagate Runagate by Robert Hayden
[scroll down on page to find the poem]

What did it mean to the people of 1680-1865, labeled slaves, first, to lose their freedom,
and then to lose the option of determining their life's course as they ran North?

Despite the fact that they are all dead, is it rewarding to keep the
memory alive of the people and places of the Underground Railroad?


Wanted Reward Dead or Alive...
Runaway! Stephen has escaped from his Master, Levi Parks, in Alabama.
What is the value of a six foot young man who can read and (maybe) write in 1852?
Examine this emphera broadside document from 1838.
What are his physical characteristics and what is the reward offered for his return?
Compare those posters to this one from Boston?
Who is being warned and why? Do you think they could read this poster?

Examine "Escaping Child in Trunk" and answer the questions in the text.
Would you try to escape and runaway from this place?

Were the slaves or the conductors in more danger?
Discuss these visuals and questions as a whole class activity.
Separation Bar
Catch them if you can...
How were slaves transported?
With a partner or as a team, learn about these people mentioned in Hayden's poem.
Use a KWL graphic organizer and a Venn diagram to help you organize this assignment.
Who was slave? Who was abolitionist?
Who was black? Who was white?
What further accomplishments did this person have?
What did they contribute to the cause of the UGRR?
Does any of the information given at these Web sites conflict?
Create a group presentation about the lives of these people
and their relationship to the UGRR
(title slide, slide for each person, credit slide)
In your journal, write about the person you felt contributed the most to the UGRR.
Example rubric for a presentation
William Lloyd Garrison
12 Dec 1805—24 May 1879
Biography of Garrison
Garrison at the African-American Odyessy
Louisa May Alcott
29 Nov 1832—6 Mar 1888
Alcott Wit & Wisdom
Biography of Alcott
Parents of Alcott
Frederick Douglass
abt. 14 Feb 1818—20 Feb 1895
The Frederick Douglass Papers
Frederick Douglass Timeline
Biography of Douglass
Escape from Slavery
Thomas Garrett (Jr.)
21 Aug 1789—25 Jan 1871
Quaker from Delaware
Garrett: Merchant
Harriet Tubman
abt. 1820—10 Mar 1813
Harriet Tubman Guide to Freedom
America's Library: Tubman
Biography of Tubman
Moses of Her People
Judgment Day: Tubman
Henry David Thoreau
12 July 1817—6 May 1862
Biography of Thoreau
About Thoreau
Slavery in Massachusetts
Man of Massachusetts
Sound of a Different Drummer
John Brown
9 May 1800—2 Dec 1859
Execution of Capt. John Brown
Judgment Day: Brown

Separation Bar

You keep on going now or die...
Pieces of paper that make us free…
Learning about the Fugitive Slave Act (1850) and the Emancipation Proclamation
is a hard task because of the
words whose meaning you may not know.
Build a classroom word bank from these two documents or create a word frame
(1/3 word —2/3 definition— 3/3 draw a picture depicting the word)
of your own for your portfolio.
With your group or team create a poem with each student
selecting a word or two to make a single stanza (show the definition!)


Pieces of cloth that show us the way…
Oral history is hard to prove. Examine these writings about quilt blocks
and the idea that these were signposts along the way.
Use this project by elementary students as part of your investigation.
Secret codes are exciting to learn about but is this real history?
Just because quilting is a popular and useful hobby
is it true enough to be taught as truth?
Take a survey of the groups in your class as to who
thinks this is theory and who thinks this is fact.

Song that shows us the way...
The Drinking Gourd is a song with a secret message.
Read and discuss this
article about the song as a whole class activity.
Example of performance assessement
Separation Bar
First stop Mercy and the last Hallelujah…
Experience the places and events of the UGRR by taking a virtual field trip.
National Geographic's Underground Railroad
Aboard the Underground Railroad
View a music video called, "History Happens" as part of your trip.

Read this before you go...
Make a extensive timeline of the journey of the slaves.
Why did they chose these routes? In your groups document each stop.
You may need to research the state to learn more about that location.
Look at this Web site in Boston, Massachusetts
Separation Bar
I'll be buried in my grave…
An old expression states that when people die "they go to their reward".
Survey some older people to try to define what this means
and write about it in your journal.
These biographies and photographs are placed here
by ordinary people who wish to honor their memory.
Look at each gravestone carefully. Are they modest or impressive?
Read about African American Cemeteries and AA Cemeteries Online
and this article about Black Cemetery History
Who are the famous people memorialized in your city or town?
What were their accomplishments?
Take digital images of these places in your town/city and create a classroom display.
William Lloyd Garrison
Forest Hill Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, MA
Louisa May Alcott
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, MA
Close-up of Gravestone
Frederick Douglass
Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, NY
Thomas Garrett
Friends Meeting House, Wilmington, DE
Harriet Tubman
Fort Hill Cemtery, Auburn, NY
Henry David Thoreau
Sleepy Hollow Cemtery, Concord, MA
John Brown
John Brown Farm, North Elba, NY
Separation Bar
Shadow of a face...shadow of a voice...
Robert Hayden's poem is filled with references to shadows,
voices and other unseen things.

It is important to understand about the life of the poet to fully
understand the circumstances of his thoughts while writing.
Investigate these links about the life of the poet.
What events in his young life may have contributed to his work?
In what way was he, himself, enslaved?
What great honor was bestowed upon him?
Based on what you learned about gravestones, design a memorial stone for Hayden
Modern American Poetry: Hayden
Robert Hayden's Bus Route in Ann Arbor, MI
Biography and Work of Hayden
Life of Hayden at Poets.org
"And when I'm cold and in my grave, Susannah, don't you cry!"
Robert Hayden
1913—1980
Memento mori
Separation Bar

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Page created: 10/29/2005
Last modified: 11/12/2008
Gravestone of Williams
by Frederick E. Burdick
used with permission

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I have no control over them and I am not responsible
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Use the information wisely, please.

Midge Frazel midgef@midgefrazel.net
P.O. Box 159 Bridgewater, MA 02324
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http://www.midgefrazel.net/hayden_studyguide.html